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Presentation

Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction – Causes and Treatment

By Dr Surbhi Mahajan

jarisch herxheimer reaction

The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) is a transient immunological reaction seen commonly in patients during antibiotics treatment, classically in syphilis but also seen in other diseases like lyme disease and relapsing fever among others. The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction manifests clinically with symptoms such as fever, chills, headache and myalgias, besides exacerbation of existing cutaneous lesions. Jarisch–Herxheimer reactions […]

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Rigors – Causes, Mechanism and Management

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

child with fever, fever may cause rigors

Rigors refer to episodes of shaking or exaggerated shivering which can occur with a high fever. It is an extreme reflex response which occurs for a variety of reasons. Chills is a feeling of coldness occurring during a high fever, but sometimes is also a common symptom which occurs alone in specific people. Severe chills with violent shivering are called rigors. Both […]

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Night Sweats – Causes and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Night sweats causes and treatment

Night sweats, also known as nocturnal hyperhidrosis, is the occurrence of excessive sweating during sleep.  It is also called sleep hyperhydrosis. The condition is not related to day-time perspiration. The person may or may not also perspire excessively while awake. There are repeated episodes of extreme perspiration that may soak the nightclothes or bedding. An occasional sweaty awakening particularly if you […]

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Ulcer – Definition, Types, Causes and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

ulcer parts

An ulcer is a loss of epithelial lining and is a kind of open wound. These can occur on the skin or mucous membranes like the surface of the stomach or inside the mouth. These are formed when the surface of the skin or mucous membrane gets injured. This leads to necrosis of the top […]

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Sinus and Fistula – Types, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Sinus and Fistula

Sinus A sinus in Latin stands for a hollow or a  bay or gulf. It is a blind track leading from an epithelial surface into the surrounding tissues. The track is often covered with granulation tissue. It can be congenital or acquired. A preauricular sinus is an example of congenital whereas sinus due to infection […]

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Palpitations Causes and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Causes of palpitations

Palpitations are defined as abnormal perception of the heartbeat and are described by patients as a disagreeable sensation of pulsation or movement in the chest and/or adjacent areas. Normally, the activity of the heart is not perceived by the individual in resting condition. During or immediately after intense physical activity or emotional stress, one may […]

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Thickened Nerves – Examination and Causes

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Sites of palpation of thickened nerves

Thickened nerves is a physical  sign that can occur in few diseases. Leprosy is by far most common cause of thickened nerves. Therefore most of the clinical examination of thickened nerves is also based on experience with leprosy. How to Palpate Thickened Nerves For examination of thickened nerve, the tips of the index, middle and […]

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Hemorrhage or Bleeding – Causes and Types

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Hemorrhage in stomach cancer visualized by endoscope, Image frim Wikipedia, in public domain

Hemorrhage or bleeding refers to blood escaping from the circulatory system. A hemorrhage may be external and visible on the outside of the body or internal, where there is no sign of bleeding outside the body. Bleeding can occur in almost any area of the body. Internal bleeding occurs when there is a damaged vessel […]

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Different Types of Wounds

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

bruise on arm

A wound is an injury to living tissue caused by a cut, blow, or other impacts, typically one in which the skin is cut or broken. Once wound occurs body tries to repair the defect and the process of wound healing is a summation of a number of processes which follow injury including coagulation, inflammation, […]

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Poststernotomy Pain and Post Thoracotomy Pain

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

sternum is involved in poststernotomy syndrome

Poststernotomy Pain Postesternotomy pain is the pain in the sterum which usually occurs after surgery.  Not all patients develop the post sternotomy chronic pain syndrome, but a large group of patients express their inability to perceive normal sensation following surgery. Sternum is also called  breast bone and resembles a Romon sword. The upper portion resembling […]

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