Parenteral nutrition is the feeding of a person through intravenous route by providing nutritional formulae that contain nutrients. Parenteral nutrition could be total or partial. Total parenteral nutrition or total nutrient admixture is when no significant nutrition is obtained by other routes [entral]. Partial parenteral nutrition is used when nutrition is also partially enteric. Depending […]
Health
Malnutrition Causes and Treatment
Malnutrition refers to both undernutrition (subnutrition) and overnutrition. Undernutrition exists when the diet of an individual does not provide them with adequate calories and protein for maintenance and growth, or they cannot fully utilize the food they eat due to illness. Overnutrition is a type of malnutrition a person consumes excessive calories. Overnutrition leads to […]
Lipoma Presentation and Treatment
A lipoma is the most common tumor present in the body. It is also the most common benign tumor in the body. It is composed of fat cells of adult type. It can occur anywhere in the body, that is why it is often called ‘universal tumor’ or ‘ubiquitous tumor’. A lipoma is the most common tumor […]
Types of Heart Disease and Their Symptoms
Heart disease is also called cardiopathy. Both of these are kind of umbrella term for a variety of different diseases affecting the heart. Heart diseases can be of following types: Coronary Heart Disease It implies the failure of the circulation to cardiac muscle and surrounding tissue. Coronary heart disease is most commonly equated with Coronary […]
Candidiasis or Candida Infections
Candidiasis or candida infection can occur in many forms. Thrush or Oral Candidiasis Infection of the oral cavity with Candida albicans produces a curdy white deposit associated with redness and burning sensation in localized areas of the oral mucosa. It is common in infants, extremely debilitated individuals or those being treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Candidal […]
Clinical Examination Of Abdomen
Like all other examinations, the examination of the abdomen begins with the history of the patient. A patient of abdominal disorder may present with numerous symptoms which must be asked whilst taking the history and noted on examination. History The history begins by asking the patient about the main complaints. Then we move on to […]
Low Blood Pressure or Hypotension- Types, Causes and Treatment
Hypotension is a medical term for low blood pressure especially in systemic circulation [arterial circulation that supplies different organs of the body. Because the blood pressure is lowered, heart, brain, and other parts of the body do not get enough blood. The normal blood pressures are in the range of 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg. […]
Snoring – Causes and Treatment
Snoring is the vibration of respiratory structures and the resulting sound, due to obstructed air movement during breathing while sleeping. In some cases the sound may be soft, but in other cases, it can be rather loud and quite unpleasant. The structures involved are usually the uvula and soft palate. The irregular airflow is caused […]
Edema or Swelling – Types , Causes and Treatment
Edema is the collection of fluid in the interstitial spaces or serous cavities. This could occur due to inflammation of the part or changes in hydrostatic pressure across vessels becomes evident only when 5-6 liters of fluid has accumulated in the water depots. There could be many causes, localized, for example, in the ankle, to […]
Digital Clubbing or Nail Clubbing – Causes and Grading
Digital clubbing or nail clubbing or finger clubbing is bulbous enlargement of soft parts of the terminal phalanges with both transverse and longitudinal curving of the nails. The swelling of the terminal phalanges in clubbing occurs due to interstitial edema and dilation of the arterioles and capillaries. Digital clubbing is also called fingernail clubbing or […]