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Diseases

Macrocytic Anemia: Types, Causes, Investigations and Treatment

By Dr Surbhi Mahajan

Conjuctival pallor anemia

Macrocytic anemia is a type of anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than their normal volume. The term ‘macrocytic’ is a Greek word meaning ‘large cell’. Macrocytic anemia comes under the morphological classification of anemia; in which anemia is classified according to the size of red blood cells. The size is reflected in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV). […]

Filed Under: Hematology

Pernicious Anemia: Causes, Investigations and Treatment

By Dr Surbhi Mahajan

Pernicious anemia

Pernicious anemia is a type of megaloblastic anemia that occurs when a person’s body is unable to absorb vitamin B12 from their gastrointestinal tract. This results in vitamin B12 deficiency and produces morphologically abnormal (unusually large and immature) red blood cells known as megaloblasts. It is also known as Biermer’s anemia, Addison’s anemia, or Addison-Biermer […]

Filed Under: Hematology

Megaloblastic Anemia – Causes, Pathophysiology, Investigations and Treatment

By Dr Surbhi Mahajan

role of vitamin b12 in megaloblastic anemia

Megaloblastic anemia is a type of anemia which is characterized by morphologically abnormal (unusually large and immature) red blood cells known as megaloblasts. Causes of Megaloblastic Anemia Megaloblastic anemia has several different causes – deficiencies of either cobalamin (vitamin B12) or folate (vitamin B 9) are the two most common causes. These vitamins play an […]

Filed Under: Hematology

Bone marrow – Structure, Composition and Functions

By Dr Surbhi Mahajan

Hematopoiesis

Bone marrow is soft, spongy, gelatinous tissue that fills the centers of bones known as medullary cavities. Bone marrow is highly vascular meaning that it is enriched with blood vessels and capillaries. Each day bone marrow produces hundreds of billions of new blood cells. Bone marrow takes over from the liver as the major hematopoietic organ […]

Filed Under: Hematology, Basics, Blog

Aplastic Anemia – Classification, Treatment and Prognosis

By Dr Surbhi Mahajan

Bone marrow in aplastic anemia

Aplastic anemia is a rare hematological (blood) disorder in which the bone marrow is damaged resulting in failure to produce all the three major types of blood cells. Bone marrow is a sponge-like tissue inside the bones that makes stem cells that develop into red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. Read  […]

Filed Under: Blog, Hematology

Five Types of Diabetes, Not Two, Says New Study

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

5 types of diabetes say expert

There are five types of diabetes in adults which have different physiological and genetic profiles. This has been suggested by a new research by Scandinavian researchers. The study gathered data on 15,000 patients from across five cohorts in Sweden and Finland and identified five clusters of patients with diabetes using six types of measurements. The […]

Filed Under: Endocrine Disorders

Dressler Syndrome Presentation and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Dressler syndrome

Dressler syndrome is a delayed immune-mediated or secondary pericarditis developing weeks to months after a myocardial infarction characterized by pleuritic chest pain, low-grade fever, and pericarditis. It is also called post-myocardial infarction syndrome. Earlier the syndrome was quite common but the incidence has decreased owing to better reperfusion. This syndrome is now considered under the group postpericardiotomy syndrome which is […]

Filed Under: Cardiovascular System

What is a Capillary Blood Sample

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Capillary Blood Sample

A capillary blood sample is collected by pricking the skin. Capillaries are small vessels formed by branching of arterioles. Blood flows from the heart to arteries, which divide into arterioles, and then further divide  into capillaries. After the tissue has been perfused, capillaries then unite to become venules and then widen more to become veins, […]

Filed Under: Hematology

Blood Sample Handling and Processing

By Dr Surbhi Mahajan

How to turn the tubes for gentle mixing of blood sample

After taking a blood sample, the blood needs to be managed in a proper way so as to prepare it for investigations. Blood sample handling and processing can be summarized as below. Pre-centrifugation Handling The first critical step in the lab testing process, after obtaining the sample, is the preparation of the blood sample. Specimen […]

Filed Under: Hematology

Peripheral Blood Smear Procedure and Interpretation

By Dr Surbhi Mahajan

Peripheral Blood Smear showing P Falciprum malarial parasite

Peripheral blood film or Peripheral blood smear or Peripheral smear examination forms an important and basic lab investigation for diagnosing a number of hematological (blood) disorders. With the advent of hematological automated machines, complete and highly accurate hematological data and parameters like complete blood count or CBC can be obtained within a few minutes. In […]

Filed Under: Basics, Hematology

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Heart Rate Measurement and Significance

Heart rate is the number of times that our heart contracts or beats in a minute. The main function of the heart is to maintain adequate blood supply … [Read More...] about Heart Rate Measurement and Significance

Cerebro Spinal Fluid Analysis

Cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless fluid that is found in the brain and spinal cord. Cerebro spinal fluid analysis is a series of tests … [Read More...] about Cerebro Spinal Fluid Analysis

nausea

Nausea-Causes, Investigations, Home Remedies and Treatment

Nausea is an uncomfortable sensation of an urge to vomit.It is the … [Read More...] about Nausea-Causes, Investigations, Home Remedies and Treatment

PURE RED CELL APLASIA

Pure Red Cell Aplasia- Causes, Types, Investigations and Treatment

Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA) is a rare disorder in which there is a … [Read More...] about Pure Red Cell Aplasia- Causes, Types, Investigations and Treatment

Healthy Morning Habits

7 Healthy Morning Habits Everyone Should Follow

A healthy morning routine enables one to lead a productive and … [Read More...] about 7 Healthy Morning Habits Everyone Should Follow

Chorionic Villus Sampling

Chorionic Villus Sampling: Indications, Limitations, Procedure and Risks

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a prenatal test carried out during … [Read More...] about Chorionic Villus Sampling: Indications, Limitations, Procedure and Risks

Abnormal RBC Types and Shapes

Abnormal RBC types and shapes can be seen under a variety of … [Read More...] about Abnormal RBC Types and Shapes

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