Epidermolysis Bullosa is a group of genetically inherited diseases in which the patient shows an enhanced tendency to develop blisters on areas subjected to minor trauma. These diseases are also called mechano-bullous diseases. The blisters are usually situated on pressure points such as the toes, fingers, ankles, knees, wrists, and elbows and occasionally on the […]
Systemwise
Nevus Depigmentosus or Nevus Achromicus
Nevus depigmentosus or nevus achromicus consists of a single large irregular-shaped area of completely depigmented or sometimes hypopigmented skin which is strictly unilateral and is usually limited to a single neural segment. Sometimes the lesions may be small and multiple but these are still unilateral and segmental. Nevus depigmentosus is uncommon, appears mostly as a […]
Sphygmomanometer and Blood Pressure Measurement
A sphygmomanometer is an instrument used for blood pressure measurement. A sphygmomanometer is also known as a blood pressure meter, blood pressure monitor, or blood pressure gauge. The device consists of an inflatable cuff, a measuring unit and a mechanism for inflation which may be a manually operated electrically operated. Measuring of blood pressure is important in diagnosing Hypertension, Hypotension, Pulsus paradoxus, pulsus […]
Sunscreen – Types, Mechanism and Protection
Sunscreen is an agent that protect the skin from sunlight or photoprotection. To protect yourself from the sun and its effects on the skin, avoiding the sun is the best thing to do. But occupations that necessitate going out and lifestyles make things difficult often. Studies have shown that regular use of sunscreens reduces the […]
Ichthyosis Types, Presentation and Treatment
Ichthyosis (plural ichthyoses) is a heterogeneous family disorder, mostly comprising of skin disorders of genetic origin. All types of ichthyosis have dry, thickened, scaly or flaky skin like fish. Primary ichthyosis can be of following types Ichthyosis vulgaris Lamellar ichthyosis X-linked ichthyosis. Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma Ichthyosis vulgaris is the mildest and most common […]
Jugular Venous Pulse or Jugular venous Pressure or JVP
The jugular venous pressure or sometimes referred to as jugular venous pulse (jvp) is the indirectly observed pressure via visualization of the internal jugular vein. Normal Jugular Venous Pulse The normal JVP consists of three positive pulse waves a, c and v and two negative pulse waves x and y. The ‘A’ Wave The ‘a’ […]
Low Blood Pressure or Hypotension- Types, Causes and Treatment
Hypotension is a medical term for low blood pressure especially in systemic circulation [arterial circulation that supplies different organs of the body. Because the blood pressure is lowered, heart, brain, and other parts of the body do not get enough blood. The normal blood pressures are in the range of 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg. […]
Digital Clubbing or Nail Clubbing – Causes and Grading
Digital clubbing or nail clubbing or finger clubbing is bulbous enlargement of soft parts of the terminal phalanges with both transverse and longitudinal curving of the nails. The swelling of the terminal phalanges in clubbing occurs due to interstitial edema and dilation of the arterioles and capillaries. Digital clubbing is also called fingernail clubbing or […]
Lymphadenopathy – Sites, Causes and Characteristics in Different Conditions
Lymphadenopathy means lymph nodes which are abnormal in size, number or consistency and is often used as a synonym for swollen or enlarged lymph nodes. Image from Wikipedia under GNFL Causes of Lymphadenopathy Reactive Enlargement of lymph nodes in response to infection or injury somewhere in the body. Inflammatory Lymphadenitis Bacterial infection Tuberculosis Filariasis Syphilis […]
Hemangioma – Types, Causes and Treatment
Hemangioma is a benign vascular tumor and one of the most common soft tissue tumors. It is the most common tumor of infancy and childhood. Note* -Vascular anomalies are broadly classified by the International Society for the study group into vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Most of the hemangiomas are superficial in the head and […]