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Chest Diseases

Pulse Oximetry – Indications, Procedure and Limitations

By Dr Surbhi Mahajan

Pulse Oximetry

Pulse oximetry is a test that is used to measure the oxygen saturation level or the oxygen level in the blood. In other words, it tells whether the heart and the lungs are supplying enough oxygen to meet the body’s requirements. It is a quick, non-invasive, and painless procedure. They are called pulse oximeters since […]

Filed Under: Cardiovascular System, Chest Diseases

Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)- Procedure, Indications and Diagnostic Tests

By Dr Surbhi Mahajan

bronchoscopy is done for bronchoalveolar lavage

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a procedure in which a bronchoscope is passed through the mouth or nose into the lungs to obtain cells and other components from bronchial and alveolar spaces for diagnostic purposes. It is performed to diagnose various lung diseases including infections and malignancies. Bronchoalveolar lavage is a diagnostic procedure similar to flexible […]

Filed Under: Procedures, Chest Diseases

Loffler syndrome Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Xray showing mild opacity in case of Loffler syndrome

Loffler syndrome or Loeffler syndrome is a transient respiratory illness associated with blood eosinophilia and radiographic shadowing on chest x-ray. It is often caused by parasitic infections and acute hypersensitivity reactions and is a type of pulmonary eosinophilia. It was initially described by Löffler in 1932. Intestinal helminthiases are considered as most common cause.  Loffler syndrome […]

Filed Under: Chest Diseases

Pleurodesis: Indications and Procedure

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Pleurodesis is a medical procedure in which the pleural space is artificially obliterated by creating adhesion of the two pleurae. This prevents the accumulation of either air or liquid in the pleural space. It is mostly done for malignant pleural effusions. It can also be required in some benign effusions. Pleurodesis is just a local […]

Filed Under: Chest Diseases

Pleural Effusion: Causes and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Pleural Fluid Accumulation on Left Side

A pleural effusion is an abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural space resulting from excess fluid production or decreased absorption or bot The estimated prevalence of pleural effusion is 320 cases per 100,000 people. There is no gender predilection, though it may be seen depending on the causative disease. For example, pleural effusion associated […]

Filed Under: Chest Diseases

Reexpansion Pulmonary Edema

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Reexpansion Pulmonary Edema

Reexpansion pulmonary edema is a non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema that occurs in the setting of rapid expansion of a collapsed lung. It results in acute onset shortness of breath that usually results within hours of re-expansion but can be delayed by 24 hours in some cases. It occurs following approximately 1% of pneumothorax re-expansions or thoracentesis […]

Filed Under: Chest Diseases, Basics

Abnormal Breathing Patterns

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Abnormal Breathing Patterns

Certain illnesses or injuries can cause changes in breathing. While some changes like change in frequency, depth, and dyspnea are frequently encountered and are quite non-specific, there are certain breathing patterns which indicate towards an underlying set of possible causes. These abnormal breathing patterns need to be understood and identified. Normal Breathing Pattern To define […]

Filed Under: Chest Diseases

Symptoms of Lung Disease

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

Symptoms of lung disease

Symptoms of lung disease can be varied and a patient of lung disease may present with multiple symptoms or combination of symptoms. Moreover these symptoms of lung disease may overlap with some symptoms of heart diseases as well.  There are several  symptoms that are common in patients with cardiopulmonary disease. Cough Cough is required for […]

Filed Under: Presentation, Chest Diseases

Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

conditions-associated-with-alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency

Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency or α1-antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited disorder that may cause lung disease and liver disease. The signs and symptoms of the condition and the age at which they appear vary among individuals. It is an autosomal-codominant condition with more than 120 alleles identified. Out of them, PiZZ is responsible for nearly […]

Filed Under: Chest Diseases, Digestive System

Pulmonary Tuberculosis – Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

pulmonary tuberculosis or lung tb

Pulmonary tuberculosis or chest tuberculosis is a contagious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis appears red when it is stained with carbol fuchsin. The bacterium retains this dye even when it is washed with acid and alcohol in contrast to others which do not retain. That is why it is called acid-fast bacillus or […]

Filed Under: Chest Diseases, Blog, Infections

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