• Skip to main content
  • Skip to primary sidebar
  • Skip to footer
  • Health
  • Presentation
  • Procedures
  • Diseases
  • Women
  • Subscribe
  • About
    • Privacy Policy
    • Contact Us

medcaretips.com

Health, Medicine and Medical Care

telegram channel medcaretips
You are here: Home / Blog / Brain Tumors Grading and Prognostic Factors

Brain Tumors Grading and Prognostic Factors

By Dr Arun Pal Singh

toc
    • Grading of Brain Tumors [WHO]
    • Prognostic factors for Brain Tumors
    • References

Tumor grading refers to its aggression. A staging system describes the location of the tumor and its spread to other parts of the body.

There is no recommended systemic staging system for adult brain tumors because most primary tumors do not usually spread beyond the central nervous system.

brain cancer grading

Grading of Brain Tumors [WHO]

The histologic classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors, given below has 4 grades.

Grade I

  • Frequently discrete
  • Slow growing tumors
  • Low proliferative potential
  • Likely to cure after surgical resection alone
  • Included are
    • Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma
    • Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

Grade II

  • Infiltrating lesion
  • Low in mitotic activity but recur
  • Some tumor progress to higher grades
  • Examples are
    • Diffuse astrocytoma
    • Oligodendroglioma
    • Oligoastrocytoma

Grade III

  • Lesions with histologic evidence of malignancy [mitotic activity]
  • Infiltrative
  • Presence of anaplasia
  • Examples
    • Anaplastic astrocytoma
    • Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma
    • Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma

Grade IV

  • Actively dividing tumors [mitotically active]
  • Prone to necrosis
  • Rapid preoperative and postoperative evolution of disease
  • Examples are
    • Glioblastoma

Prognostic factors for Brain Tumors

Tumor histology

This is studied by removing a sample for the histological study. The type of tumor, the grade, and additional molecular features that predict the rate of growth of the tumor are determined.

Age

Age and functional status when diagnosed is one of the important factors in the patient’s prognosis. In general, a younger adult has a better prognosis. A patient with better functional status has a better prognosis.

Clinical Presentation

Types of symptoms present and the duration of symptoms are important prognostic factors. For example, seizures and long duration of symptoms are linked with a better prognosis.

Residual Tumor

A patient’s prognosis is better when all of the tumor can be surgically removed.

Tumor location

Some tumor locations cause more damage than others, and some tumors are harder to treat because of their location.

Molecular markers

Genetic mutations associated with the tumor may help to determine prognosis. Some examples are  IDH1, IDH2, MGMT, and a 1p/19q co-deletion.

Tumor spread

A central nervous system tumor rarely spreads to other parts of the body but may grow within the central nervous system.

However, a tumor that does spread to other parts of the brain or spinal cord is linked with a poorer prognosis.

Recurrent tumor

A recurrent tumor has poorer prognosis

References

  • Nabors LB, Portnow J, Ammirati M, et al. Central Nervous System Cancers, Version 1.2015. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2015 Oct. 13 (10):1191-202.

 

Spread the Knowledge
  • 2
  •  
  •  
  •  
  •  
  •  
    2
    Shares
  • 2
  •  
  •  
  •  
  •  

Filed Under: Blog

Primary Sidebar

Subscribe to updates

Receive articles in your inbox !!
Enter your email address below

Pulmonary Tuberculosis – Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Pulmonary tuberculosis or chest tuberculosis is a contagious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis appears red … [Read More...] about Pulmonary Tuberculosis – Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS)-Causes, Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Treatment

Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) is a rare neurological disorder in which the body's immune system attacks the peripheral nerves.Peripheral nerves … [Read More...] about Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS)-Causes, Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Treatment

acne care-dos and don'ts

10 Dos and Don’ts About Acne Care

Acne (pimples) is a common, self-limiting skin condition that affects … [Read More...] about 10 Dos and Don’ts About Acne Care

nausea

Nausea-Causes, Investigations, Home Remedies and Treatment

Nausea is an uncomfortable sensation of an urge to vomit.It is the … [Read More...] about Nausea-Causes, Investigations, Home Remedies and Treatment

PURE RED CELL APLASIA

Pure Red Cell Aplasia- Causes, Types, Investigations and Treatment

Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA) is a rare disorder in which there is a … [Read More...] about Pure Red Cell Aplasia- Causes, Types, Investigations and Treatment

Healthy Morning Habits

7 Healthy Morning Habits Everyone Should Follow

A healthy morning routine enables one to lead a productive and … [Read More...] about 7 Healthy Morning Habits Everyone Should Follow

Chorionic Villus Sampling

Chorionic Villus Sampling: Indications, Limitations, Procedure and Risks

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a prenatal test carried out during … [Read More...] about Chorionic Villus Sampling: Indications, Limitations, Procedure and Risks

Footer

Most Read Articles

  • Vacutainer ® and Their Use in Blood Sampling
  • Tepid Water Sponging and Cold Sponging for Fever
  • Dermatomes and Myotomes of Lower Limb

Like and Follow

Like and Follow

Copyright © 2021 ·News Pro · Genesis Framework by StudioPress · WordPress · Log in