Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is a type of secondary periodic paralysis that leads to recurrent muscle weakness and is associated with hyperthyroidism and hypokalemia is usually present during attacks. It is most commonly seen in Asian men, is characterized by abrupt onset of hypokalemia and paralysis. The presentation is similar to familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis and often cause for […]
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Polymyositis-Presentation and Treatment
Polymyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by symmetrical, proximal muscle weakness, elevated skeletal muscle enzyme levels, and characteristic electromyography, and muscle biopsy findings. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis have many shared clinical features but have unique features on biopsy. Polymyositis is more common in women than in men. It usually affects adults older than 20 years, […]
Normal Acid Base balance and Its Disorders
Normal Acid Base Balance In healthy state, the pH of the blood or , blood hydrogen ion concentration lies within the range pH 7.3 6—7.44. If the pH is less than the lower value of this range, it is termed as acidic and if more than the higher value of the range, it is called […]
Alstrom Syndrome
Alstrom syndrome is a rare condition involving many body systems with symptoms and signs beginning in infancy or early childhood, although some appear later in life. Alstrom syndrome is characterized by a progressive loss of vision and hearing, dilated cardiomyopathy, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and short stature. It can also cause serious or life-threatening medical problems. The presentation varies […]
Nocturnal Leg Cramps Causes and Treatment
Nocturnal Leg cramps refer to recurrent painful tightening which usually occurs in the calf muscles in the night and can cause severe insomnia. Because they occur in the night they are called nocturnal leg cramps. Nocturnal leg cramps are reported by 50 to 60 percent of adults and by approximately 7 percent of children. Leg […]
Treatment of Skin Diseases – Different Modalities
Treatment of skin diseases consists of systemic drugs, local drugs and other local therapies. Local applications play a big role in treatment of skin diseases. Some conditions require only local treatment, others require a combination of local treatment with systemically given drugs, while occasionally, systemically administered drugs alone are sufficient. Then there are other modalities […]
Stem Cells – Definition, Types and Uses
Stem cells are special types of cells which have the characteristic ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and differentiating into a diverse range of specialized cell types. [Mitosis is a kind of cell division in which two similar cells are produced from one cell.] Stem cells are present in most multi-cellular organisms. The […]
Breast Milk Jaundice Presentation and Treatment
Breast milk jaundice is a type of neonatal jaundice associated with breastfeeding and characterized by an increase in levels of indirect bilirubin in a newborn on breastfeeding. It develops in the first week of life and persists longer than physiologic jaundice, and has no other identifiable cause. Breast milk jaundice is different from breastfeeding jaundice, […]
Aarskog Syndrome – Symptoms and Treatment
Aarskog syndrome is a rare genetic disorder manifested by retarded growth that occurs by three years of age, facial, musculoskeletal and genital anomalies, and mild intellectual disability. The disorder occurs in 1 in 1 million individuals in the general population. Some mild cases often go unrecognized. Causes of Aarskog Syndrome Aarskog syndrome is transmitted as […]
Pulmonary Tuberculosis – Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
Pulmonary tuberculosis or chest tuberculosis is a contagious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis appears red when it is stained with carbol fuchsin. The bacterium retains this dye even when it is washed with acid and alcohol in contrast to others which do not retain. That is why it is called acid-fast bacillus or […]