Coffee Can Lead To Low Birth Weight of Kids

Pregnant women need to be careful. Recent study has issued a warning that pregnant women should reduce their caffiene consumption to two cups of coffee a day if they are avid coffee drinkers. Otherwise they stand at risk of  giving birth to under weight babies.

Current recommended caffeine limit of 300 mg a day to 200 mg, the equivalent of two average-sized mugs of instant or two ups of brewed coffee a day.

It has also identified other products containing caffeine that count towards the 200 mg total. The limit is equivalent to four cups of tea, five cans of cola, three energy drinks or five bars of chocolate.

Coffee shops have higher levels of caffeine in their drinks. Read more

Deformities of The Vertebral Column With Causes

The vertebral column in a normal upright position has two antero-posterior curves-one with a concavity forwards in the upper dorsal region and the other with a slight convexity forwards in the dorsolumbar region. Normally, there is no lateral curvature. The vertebral column should be examined for any abnormality, angular deformity, swelling or tenderness.

Normally the vertebral column has both anterior as well as lateral mobility. This can be tested by asking the patient to bend forwards, backwards and sideways. Limitation of movements and pain, if any, should be looked for.

I. Scoliosis: Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

Causes:

1. Congenital
2. Postural: Carrying heavy weight in one arm.
3. Compensatory: Reduced length of one lower limb.
4. Reflex: To relieve pain as in sciatica or renal colic.
5. Neurological: Poliomyelitis, syringomyelia, muscular dystrophy, hereditary ataxia.
6. Rickets
7. Functional

II. Kyphosis: Kyphosis is an abnormal anterio-posterior curvature of the spine with forward concavity and dorsal prominence.

Causes:

1. Congenital: Wedge shaped vertebra
2. Postural: Carrying weights on the back
3. Disease of bone and joints: Tuberculosis (Pott’s spine), rheumatoid arthritis, rickets, osteoarthritis, osteitis deformans, fracture of the vertebral body, new growth of the spine.
4. Neurological: Muscular dystrophy, hereditary spastic paraplegia, Friedreich’s ataxia, sryingomyelia, poliomyelitis, cerebral palsy, neurofibroma, etc.

III. Lordosis: Lordosis is an abnormal anterior-posterior curvature of the spine with forward convexity.

Causes:

1. Physiological: Pregnancy
2. Secondary to hip disease and congenital
3. Muscular dystrophy
4. Large abdominal tumors

Important Causes of Backache

• Physiological
  • Faulty posture
  • Individuals with thin built
  • Pregnancy

• Trauma
  • Prolapsed intervertebral disc
  • Lumbosacral strain
• Infection
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Spinal tuberculosis
• Neoplastic
  • Primary tumors
  • Secondaries following Malignacy
  • Multiple myeloma
• Metabolic
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Osteoporosis
  • Osteomalacia
• Congenital
  • Spina bifida
• Arthritis
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Ankylosing spondylitis
• Referred pain
  • Pancreatitis
  • Retroperitoneal tumors
  • Cholecystitis
  • Diverticulitis
  • Retroverted uterus
  • Uterine prolapse
• Spinal deformities
  • Kyphosis
  • Scoliosis
  • Lordosis

Diseases That Cause Bleeding Gums

Gum Diseases

• Gingivitis
• Periodontitis
• Herpes Virus Infection
• Vincent’s infection or severe ulcerating gingivitis

Hematological Causes

• Thrombocytopenia: Leukemias, aplastic anemia, ITP
• Platelet defects: Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia, von Willebrand’s disease, Giant platelet syndrome, etc.
• Coagulation disorders: Hemophilia, Christmas disease, vitamin K deficiency, afibrinogenemia, anticoagulants, etc.
• Miscellaneous: Hypersplenism, vitamin B12 deficiency, Disseminated intravascular coagulation, etc.

Systemic Diseases

• Scurvy
• Drugs like Phenytoin therapy
• Diabetes mellitus, Cushing’s syndrome
• Pregnancy
• Henoch-Schonlein purpura
• Connective tissue disease likeEhlers’ Danlos syndrome

Common and Uncommon Causes of Vomiting

1. Abdominal
   • Gastritis ulcer
   • Peptic ulcer
   • Colics
   • Acute abdominal emergencies
   • Appendicitis
   • Cholecystitis
   • Peritonitis
   • Pancreatitis
   • Intestinal obstruction
2. Cardiac:
   • Myocardial infarction
   • Cardiac failure
3. Central
   • Raised intracranial tension
   • Meningitis
   • Meniere’s disease
   • Motion sickness
   • Radiation
4. Metabolic
   • • Diabetes
     • Alcohol Intake
     • Pregnancy
     • Hypercalcemia
     • Addison’s disease.
5. Toxic
   • Febrile illnesses
   • Viral hepatitis
   • Drugs
   • Corrosive poisons.
6. Functional