- Osmotic Causes
- Laxative abuse
- Maldigestion of food
- Infections
- Typhoid
- Cholera
- Amebiasis
- Giardiasis
- Helminthiasis
- Endocrine diseases
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Diabetes
- Addison’s disease
- Drugs
- Thyroxine
- Prostigmine
- Ampicillin
- Phenolphthalein
- Anxiety:
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Miscellaneous
- Malignant carcinoid syndrome.