- Renal:
- Stone
- Malignancy
- Infections (pyelonephritis, perinephric abscess, etc.)
- Polycystic kidney
- Dietl’s crisis-A sudden attack of acute lumbar and abdominal pain accompanied by nausea and vomiting, caused by kinking of the ureter in persons with wandering kidney.
- Extra-renal:
- Acute pancreatitis
- Cholecystitis
- Appendicitis
- Porphyria
- Ruptured duodenal ulcer or spleen
- Ectopic gestation