- Acid peptic disease
- Peritonitis and Paralytic ileus
- Mechanical obstruction of hollow viscus
- Colics: Intestinal, renal, biliary, etc.
- Vascular disturbances producing ischemia: Thrombo-embolism, sickle cell crisis rupture of aneurysm, etc.
- Abdominal wall: Fatty hernia through linea alba, trauma or infection of the muscle etc.
- Referred pain: Pneumonia, pleurisy, ischemic heart disease, panniculitis, torsion of the testes or ovary.
- Metabolic: Diabetes, uremia, porphyria, lead poisoning
- Neurogenic: Herpes zoster, tabes dorsalis, etc.
- Functional
