Heart disease is also called cardiopathy. Both of these are kind of umbrella term for a variety of different diseases affecting the heart. Heart disease can be of following types
Coronary Heart Disease
It implies the failure of the circulation to cardiac muscle and surrounding tissue. Coronary heart disease is most commonly equated with Coronary artery disease although coronary heart disease can be due to other causes.
Coronary artery disease is a disease of the artery caused by the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the arteries that supply the myocardium.
Chest pain and myocardial infarction (heart attack) are symptoms of and conditions caused by coronary heart disease.
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy means “heart muscle disease”. It is the deterioration of the function of the myocardium for any reason. People with cardiomyopathy are often at risk of arrhythmia and/or sudden cardiac death. Cardiomyopathy
Extrinsic cardiomyopathies – cardiomyopathies where the primary pathology is outside the myocardium itself.
- Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
- Coronary artery disease
- Congenital heart disease
- Nutritional diseases affecting the heart
- Ischemic cardiomyopathy
- Hypertensive cardiomyopathy
- Valvular cardiomyopathy
- Inflammatory cardiomyopathy
- Cardiomyopathy secondary to a systemic metabolic disease
- Myocardiodystrophy
Intrinsic cardiomyopathies – weakness in the muscle of the heart that is not due to an identifiable external cause.
- Dilated cardiomyopathy – It is most common. The heart (especially the left ventricle) is enlarged and the pumping function is diminished.
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathyG Genetic disorder caused by various mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. The heart muscle is thickened, which can obstruct blood flow and prevent the heart from functioning properly.
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy -Arises from an electrical disturbance of the heart in which heart muscle is replaced by fibrous scar tissue. The right ventricle is generally most affected.
- Restrictive cardiomyopathy –Least common cardiomyopathy. The walls of the ventricles are stiff, but may not be thickened, and resist the normal filling of the heart with blood.
Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy
The left ventricle wall has failed to properly grow from birth and such has a spongy appearance when viewed during an echocardiogram.
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease is any of a number of specific diseases that affect the heart itself and/or the blood vessel system, especially the veins and arteries leading to and from the heart.
Types of cardiovascular disease include
- Atherosclerosis
- Ischaemic heart disease
- Cor pulmonale, a failure of the right side of the heart.
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Hypertensive heart disease is heart disease caused by high blood pressure. A high blood pressure may cause
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
- Coronary heart disease
- Congestive heart failure
- Hypertensive cardiomyopathy
- Cardiac arrhythmias
Inflammatory Heart Disease
Inflammatory heart disease involves inflammation of the heart muscle and/or the tissue surrounding it.
- Endocarditis – inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium. I
- Inflammatory cardiomegaly
- Myocarditis – inflammation of the myocardium, the muscular part of the heart.
Valvular Heart Disease
Valvular heart disease is disease process that affects one or more valves of the heart. t.
