You are here: Home / Archives for Presentation

What Is Pathphysiology Of Clubbing

October 23, 2010 By Leave a Comment

This post has been written in response to the comment on this article.

The original question was

I am one of medical student in ETHIOPIAN university and I am confused how clubbing is happen? i.e the pathophysiology of clubbing.

Widely speaking the specific  mechanism of digital clubbing is still not known.

Increased interstitial edema is the earliest change. As clubbing progresses, the volume of the terminal portion of the digit may increase because of an increase in the vascular connective tissue and change in quality of  the tissue.

It is postulated that different pathological diseases may cause different pathways to a common end point. [Read more...]

Filed Under: Presentation, Queries Tagged With: ,

What Are Sites Of Bleeding In Hemophilia

August 27, 2010 By Leave a Comment

The bleeding in hemophilia has been divided into serious and life threatening.

Serious Bleeding

  • Joints (hemarthrosis)
  • Muscle/soft tissue
  • Mouth/gums/nose
  • Hematuria

[Read more...]

Filed Under: Presentation Tagged With: , ,

What Is Addisonian Crisis?

August 7, 2010 By Leave a Comment

Addisonian crisis is also called adrenal crisis. It  is a constellation of symptoms that indicate severe adrenal insufficiency.

It may occur  in either previously undiagnosed Addison’s disease due to  a disease process suddenly affecting adrenal function. It may  also due to an intercurrent problem like  infection or  trauma in the setting of known Addison’s disease.

The  situation may also develop in those on long-term oral glucocorticoids who have suddenly stopped taking their medication. [Read more...]

Filed Under: Emergency, Presentation Tagged With: , ,

What Are Symptoms of Addison Disease?

August 6, 2010 By Leave a Comment

Addison’s disease is also called as chronic adrenal insufficiency, hypocortisolism or hypocorticism. It is a rare disorder where the adrenal glands are not able to produce glucocorticoids and less often mineralocorticoids in sufficient quantity. The condition was first described by Dr Thomas Addison, the British physician who first described the condition.

Causes of Addison disease

Adrenal dysgenesis

This means adrenal glands which produce glucocorticoid are absent. [Read more...]

Filed Under: Diseases, Presentation Tagged With: , ,

What Is Smiling Umbilicus and Crying Umbilicus

August 5, 2010 By Leave a Comment

When the umbilicus is stretched transversely as in ascites, it is called smil9ng umbilicus.

An umbilicus that exudes fluid e.g. ascetic fluid in massive ascites or feculent material in enteric fistulae, or clear fluid in patent urachus is called crying umbilicus.

Filed Under: Presentation Tagged With: ,

Differential Diagnosis of Abdominal Lump In Right Hypochondrium

July 3, 2009 By Leave a Comment

Swellings in the Abdominal Wall

Cold Abscess

1. Fluctuant swelling with no signs of inflammation
2. Swelling becomes prominent when the abdominal muscles contract
3. Irregularity in the affected rib or deformity of the spine

Intra-abdominal Swellings

Hepatic

1. It moves with respiration but is not mobile sideways
2. The swelling is continuous with the liver dullness without a band of colonic resonance

Gall Bladder

1. Oval smooth swelling, the size of an egg
2. Moves with respiration, can be moved sideways but cannot be pushed down into the loin (like kidney swelling) [Read more...]

Filed Under: Presentation

What Is Spider Nevi?

June 8, 2009 By Leave a Comment

spider-neviIt is also known as Arterial spider, Spider telangiectasis, Spider angioma

Definition:

An arterial spider is a central arteriole, from which numerous small vessels radiate resembling a spider’s legs.

Sites:

Arterial spiders are found in the territory of the superior vena cava. They are commonly seen on the face, neck, forearm and shoulder.

Appearance:

They range in size from 3 to 15 mm in diameter. They are pulsatile and blanch on pressure. When the skin is stretched or compressed they fill from the centre to the periphery. [Read more...]

Filed Under: Presentation Tagged With: , , ,

Examination Of Abdomen-Inspection

June 1, 2009 By Leave a Comment

Examination of the abdomen begins with inspection. human-abdomenThe shape of the abdomen in most normal persons with normal musculature is  boat-shaped i.e. the abdominal wall sinks slightly within the bony margins of the abdominal surface.

In a very muscular person, the lateral margin of the rectus muscle is visible in the center. Usually the medial edges of both the recti are contiguous. However they may be separated as a congenital defect, after pregnancy or with obesity and ascites. This is called divarication of recti.

Scaphoid or sunken abdomen is seen with starvation and malignancy especially of stomach and esophagus. [Read more...]

Filed Under: Presentation, Procedures Tagged With: ,

How To Examine A Patient of Abdominal Complaints

May 29, 2009 By 2 Comments

human-abdomenIn a patient with an abdominal disorder, the following points must be asked whilst taking the history and noted on examination.

History

History is of paramount importance in clinical examination. It enables you to narrow your examination to a region and also guides you about the likelihood of particular disorder. Following points should be asked in patient of abdominal complaints. These points cover whole abdomen in general and can be individualized depending upon the complaint. [Read more...]

Filed Under: Presentation Tagged With: , , ,

Jugular Venous Pulse – JVP

December 20, 2008 By Leave a Comment

Normal Jugular Venous Pulse (JVP):

The normal JVP consists of three positive pulse waves a, cand v and two negative pulse waves x and y.

The ‘A’ Wave: The ‘a’ wave is produced by retrograde transmission of the pressure pulse produced by right atrial contraction. In normal subjects the ‘a’ wave is often the largest positive wave visible, coinciding with the fourth heart sound.

1. ‘a’ wave is absent in atrial fibrillation

2. ‘a’ wave is diminished in

Filed Under: Presentation Tagged With: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
« Older Posts